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Many other Scientologist-run companies and organizations come from the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which licenses using Hubbard's management doctrines, and distributes directories of WISE-affiliated services. WISE requires those who wish to end up being Hubbard management consults to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which provides a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


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Another well-known WISE-affiliated service is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Government Innovation and Converge magazines. The Center for Digital Government is a division of e. Republic that was founded in 1999. Web ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.


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This section needs expansion. You can help by contributing to it. In order to facilitate the ongoing expansion of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the form of powerful or reputable people. Perth Scientology. Though it has obtained some trustworthiness as a religious beliefs in lots of countries, Scientology has actually also been described as both a cult and a company.


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For example, it has actually been noted to engage in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by determining as Fair Video game individuals it views as its opponents. In 1979, numerous Scientology members were convicted for their participation in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of federal government files in U.S.


Scientologists were also founded guilty of fraud, manslaughter and damaging witnesses in French cases, destructive libel against attorney Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religious beliefs in America, religious scholar Jacob Neusner mentions that Scientology's "high level of presence" may be viewed as "threatening to established social organizations".


From 1952 till 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS became the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was integrated in California on February 18, 1954, altering its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.


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In 1967, the IRS removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were commercial and operated for the advantage of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, however its growth continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in sites Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology remained in 52 countries by the time the 80s was available in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost repeatedly for 26 years attempting to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had at first demandedand the Internal Revenue Service recognized the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit company.


Scientology mentions its tax exemption as proof the United States federal government accepts it as a religious beliefs. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in products for the inbound Barack Obama administration to examine, as determined in a web poll run by the governmental shift team obtaining public input for the inbound administration.


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State Department has criticized Western European countries for discrimination against Scientologists in its released annual International Religious Liberty report, based upon the International Religious Liberty Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is treated legally as a company, and not as a religion or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was approved a tax-exemption for the 10% license fees sent out to the United States. The word Scientology (and lots of associated terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up trademark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the hallmarks and copyrights, takes a hard line on individuals and groups who try to utilize it in ways unaffiliated with the main Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard selected Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of particular elements try this website of legal defense for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was created with its head office situated at Saint Hill Manor - Scientology Perth. Under The Guardian's Office (later on relabelled the Office of Special Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later organized and committed among the biggest penetration of United States federal companies ever perpetrated by a company not affiliated with a foreign government (that is, why not try this out one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The criminal activity committed by these offenders is of a breadth and scope previously unheard of. No structure, office, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and spying. No person or company was totally free from their despicable conspiratorial minds.


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The Church has likewise in the past made use of aggressive strategies in dealing with those it views as trying to reduce them, understood as Suppressive Persons (SPs) first described by Hubbard as part of a policy called fair game. Church of Scientology Perth. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its founder.


Using blank paper known to have been managed by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb hazards in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which might have sent Cooper to prison for a prolonged term. The Church's strategy was found at the exact same time as its Operation Snow White actions were exposed.

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